Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] (listen)) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the east of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. Two streams of study can be followed, applied nutritional sciences or towards qualification by the commercial college of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce. Linguistically, Platt can be further subdivided into three varieties, going from east to west: Rhenish Franconian, Moselle Franconian, and Luxembourgish. The inhabitants of the department are called Mosellans in French. Questions of environmental degradation were politicized at the end of the 19th century. The activities of Alimentec focus on three priorities: ventilation systems, plastics packing and applied hygiene. In the beginning of the 15th century almost the whole region of Ain was united under the house of Savoy. [citation needed] The late-second century BC Calendar of Coligny, Ain, bears the oldest surviving Gaulish inscription. As a result of German aggression during the war, the French Government actively discouraged the German heritage of the region, and the local German Lorraine Franconian dialects ceased to be used in the public realm. The United States Army liberated Moselle from the Third Reich in the Battle of Metz in September 1944, although combat continued in the northeastern part of the department until March 1945. Tholey and the communes around Sierck-les-Bains were still to be ceded as agreed in 1814, but the south of the Sarre department with Saarbrücken was withdrawn from France. In the second half of the 20th century the industrialization of the department proceeded, favored by a narrow street and railway network. In economic terms tourism in the department of Ain means 300 million € of business volume and 10,000 direct jobs as well as another 10,000 indirect employments. This capital is often the largest city of the department. Within the sector, services for enterprises represent 32,2% of the employees. miles). During the previous 25 years the number of farms has steadily diminished. The department was hit particularly hard during the war: the American bombardments in the spring of 1944 caused widespread collateral damage; 23% of the communes in Moselle were 50% destroyed, and 8% of the communes were than 75% destroyed.[3]. Zanoun, Louisa. The department is the second level of administrative divisions on the map of France. Industries have created vast land holdings in the valleys by buying land from agriculturists and profiting from water rights. In 1793, France annexed the enclaves of Manderen, Lixing-lès-Rouhling, Momerstroff, and Créhange (Kriechingen) – all possessions of princes of the Duchy of Luxemburg – a state of the Holy Roman Empire, and incorporated them into the Moselle département. The current Moselle department, whose limits were set in 1919, had less population, with only 1,023,447 inhabitants. The pillars of the agro-industry are an efficient agriculture providing for a significant number of high quality products as well as the presence of several leading companies of this branch. (PhD Diss. "Language, Regional Identity and the Failure of the Left in the Moselle Département, 1871-1936. The first big fiefdoms ("seigneuries") emerge between 895 and 900 in Bâgé-le-Châtel, which formed the nucleus of the pays of Bresse, and in Coligny. It represents more than a fifth of the employees in the area of Bourg-en-Bresse who work in the meat industry and in tinned food factories. This last corresponds to a master's degree in law and offers a specialization in commercial and trade law. In the Oyonnax basin, three of four employments are directly or indirectly depending on the plastics industry. The agricultural industry, mainly located in the Bresse, counts for more than 5,000 employees. The Curé of Ars became famous. miles), larger than the old Moselle because the areas of Château-Salins and Sarrebourg were far larger than the area of Briey and Longwy. The commercial sector comprises 5,861 enterprises including 717 wholesalers and distributors (12,2%), 539 automobile dealers and garages as well as 1,643 retailers and repair businesses (28%) (source: Chamber of Industry and Commerce of Ain, 2006). It was created from the former province of Lorraine. This increase is primarily due to a positive migration balance testifying the department's attractiveness. The population has remained relatively stable since World War II and now exceeds 1 million, located mostly in the urban area around Metz and along the river Moselle. It is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and bordered by the rivers Saône and Rhône. During these years more than 10,000 Mosellans were deported to camps, many to the Sudetenland, for publicly opposing the annexation.[2]. The first inhabitants settled in the territory of today's Ain about 15000 BC. Ain now belonged to Burgundy. The department of Seine-Maritime has the number 76 and is divided into 3 districts, 69 townships and 745 municipalities. France is divided into 101 departments. The handcraft, which employs approximately 29,000 persons, has always been an essential element of the local economy. The department of Ain consists of 4 arrondissements, 23 cantons and 408 communes. The river Saône represents the western border of the department. In Bellignat, at the heart of the 'plastics valley', a polytechnic university was founded in 1992, under the direct control of the Ministry of youth, education and research. In the south-east the territory of the Dombes has more than a thousand ponds and lakes. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. The department of Loire is located in the region of region of Rhône-Alpes. After the weakening of these industries at the end of the 20th century, the department has tried to promote new economic activities based on industry and technology, such as the Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant. Following a treaty concluded in 1559 at Savoy, the territory of Ain was restored to the Duke of Savoy who immediately started fortifying it. "Interwar politics in a French border region: the Moselle in the period of the Popular Front, 1934-1938." Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans. The Opéra-Théâtre de Metz, is the oldest active theater in France and has continuously operated from the 18th century. A new TGV-connection through the Haut Bugey is under construction. With the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France in 1919, many in central government assumed that the recovered territories would be subject to French law. The region was long considered a march between Alsace and the north, remaining relatively poor until the 19th century, and was consequently less urbanized and populous than other regions at the time. Its main tributaries are the Suran (50 km) and notably the river Ain (190 km) which is fed itself by 118 small rivers and creeks. The department of Val-de-Marne has the number 94 and is divided into 3 districts, 49 townships and 47 municipalities. Moselle is part of the current region of Grand Est and is surrounded by the French departments of Meurthe-et-Moselle and Bas-Rhin, as well as Germany (states of Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate) and Luxembourg in the north. The emblematic poultry industry in the Bresse employs only 350 persons. The plastics industry, which is located mainly around the city of Oyonnax, is a highly productive branch of the economy and enjoys an excellent reputation. Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. The river Rhône represents the departments border in the east and the south. They represent about a quarter of all employees in the services sector. Adolf Hitler considered Moselle and Alsace parts of Germany, and as a result the inhabitants were drafted into the German Wehrmacht. Local resistance to a total acceptance of French law arose because some of Bismarck's reforms included strong protections for civil and social rights. [1] 302,732 people, around 45% of the department's population, were evacuated to departments in central and western France during September 1939. The diversified agriculture (cattle and poultry breeding, milk and milk products, cereals, vegetables and viticulture) generates products of national and international reputation. Foundry, metal processing and electrical industry occupy approximately 8,200 employees. Bismarck omitted only one-fifth of Moselle (the arrondissement of Briey in the extreme west of the department) from annexation, (Bismarck later regretted his decision when it was discovered that the region of Briey and Longwy had rich iron-ore deposits.) The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Moselle created the "Achat-Moselle" website in the 2000s to address issues of e-commerce and in-person commerce. In 2006, 700,000 tourists visited the sites of interest in the department (museums, castles, religious monuments, gardens and caves). The "Plastics Valley" comprises 10% of France's plastics industry which constitutes the highest concentration of plastics enterprises in Europe. The regional TER (train and bus) network is important mainly as concerns the connection to Lyon. At the beginning of the 16th century the Duchy of Savoy was at the peak of its power and Ain was inherited by Margaret of Habsburg, the widow of Philibert II, Duke of Savoy. Apart from the aforementioned Plastics Valley and numerous smaller business parks which have been founded by local initiatives the large industrial park of the plain of Ain has to be mentioned. In 1790, during the French Revolution, the departments of Ain and Léman were created. 52% of this amount (274 million €) is allotted to animal products (cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, carp, milk) and 44% (240 million €) concern crop (cereals, oil plants, wine, vegetables, flowers). Ain disposes finally of several industrial parks. The population has grown from 471,019 inhabitants in 1990 to 515,207 in 1999 and 565,000 in 2006 (estimates of the French statistics office INSEE). France thus became a net beneficiary of the Treaty of Paris: all the new territories ceded to her being far larger and more strategic than the few territories ceded to Austria. During the French Revolution and the First Empire a large number of churches were destroyed, but in 1823 the diocese of Belley was refounded. In the 12th century the Romanesque architecture prospered. The small and medium enterprises contribute most to the industrial development of the department. Its prefecture (capital) was Metz. In spite of the June 22, 1940 armistice, Moselle was again annexed by Germany in July of that year by becoming part of the Gau Westmark. Construction of the Barrage de Génissiat started in 1937. However, with the return of Napoleon (March 1815) and his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo (June 1815), the Treaty of Paris in November 1815 imposed much harsher conditions on France. The Congress of Vienna dissolved the department of Léman and assigned the arrondissement Gex to the department of Ain. The President of the Departemental Council is Damien Abad (UMP) since the 2015 French departmental elections. Their joined capacity amounts to 40,850 beds. Below you will find the localization of Loire on the map of France, and the satellite map of Loire. By the Treaty of Paris of 1814 following the first defeat and abdication of Napoleon, France had to surrender almost all the territory it had conquered since 1792. Parts of Moselle belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. With an unemployment rate of only 5% (compared to 7% in the region Rhône-Alpes and 8% in France), a close-meshed tissue of 11,500 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and a fast-growing, export-oriented economy, mainly to Germany, Italy and Spain, the department of Ain is … The industrial tissue of the department of Ain is also a result of its metal processing (cables, wire drawing, electrical wires) and engineering industry (automobile industry, France's most important site for truck production) as shows the presence of several major companies in this sector (Tréfileurope, Alcatel Cables, Renault Trucks). During the first French Consulate (1802) the districts were abolished. The 349 enterprises which have settled here employ about 11,000 persons, more than a fourth of all employees of the tertiary sector (without public works). France merged the remaining area of Briey with the truncated Meurthe department to create the new Meurthe-et-Moselle department (a new name chosen on purpose to remind people of the lost Moselle department) with its préfecture at Nancy.