<>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> Physical description 39 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. <>0]/P 14 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> My problem with using Philosophy to tackle policy issues was driven home this morning in a post by Tim on California’s Prop 209. Affirmative Action; Academic Question; Philosophy Teaching; Classical Liberalism; Minority View; Access options Buy single article. According to the official definition, “affirmative action” means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. Learn what it works. 11 An example of this is the now-defunct minority admissions program at the University of Texas Law School, as described in Hopwood v. State of Texas, 78 F.3d 932 (1996).Although this program could have been ruled unlawful under the Bakke criteria, the fact of its existence indicates how deeply entrenched the belief in preferential treatment is, at least in this corner of the academic community. Edited by Marshall Cohen, Thomas Nagel, and Thomas Scanlon. endobj <>1]/P 6 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> The Questions . 2 0 obj : School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland, 1997. <>2]/P 6 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AS DOMESTIC, FOREIGN AND FOUNDATIONAL POLICY. <>12]/P 21 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> 51 0 obj 2020-02-24T08:45:46-08:00 He then examines systematically the Supreme Court's rulings on affirmative action in light of evolving conceptions of the constitutional right to equal … Learn what it works. : School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland, 1997. AppendPDF Pro 6.3 Linux 64 bit Aug 30 2019 Library 15.0.4 Posted on June 28, 2013 by PhilosophyBehindPolitics. US$ 39.95. The faculty, staff, and students at any institution rarely, if ever, have the same proportions that would be expected or desired to properly represent the population that the institution is supposed to serve. Academic Questions 1, 16–22 (1988). Ken asks why so much social heat and discussion has … Main menu. endobj I will not even go so far as to take sides on the issue. ~~~~~ Sources and inspiration: ‘Affirmative Action: Court Decisions.’ National Conference of State Legislatures website. 41 0 obj The development, defense, and contestation of preferential affirmative action has proceeded along two paths. Affirmative action was extended to women by Executive Order 11375 which amended Executive Order 11246 on 13 October 1967, by adding "sex" to the list of protected categories. Dr. Yates was a visiting philosophy professor at the University of South Carolina last year. Spell. A Defense of Affirmative Action Thomas Nagel, Professor of Philosophy at New York University, presented the following state-ment on affirmative action in testimony before the Subcommillee on the Constitution of t he Senate] udiciary Committee on June 18, 1981. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, JUSTICE AND … 2020-02-24T08:45:46-08:00 September 27, 2011. But what is it? Tushnet, Mark, 1991, “Change and Continuity in the Concept of Civil Rights: Thurgood Marshall and Affirmative Action,” Social Philosophy and Policy, 8 (Spring): 150–171. Though the main focus of the essay is on affirmative action, in the course of making the case that these programs are illegitimate, I shall defend some principles about the conditions under which it is appropriate for the state to impose on civil society the demands of justice. Arnold, N. Scott, 1998, “Affirmative Action and the Demands of Justice,” Social Philosophy and Policy, 15 (Summer): 133–175. The Challenges for liberal democracy Author: Robert Audi Heard on Campus-Santa Clara University This podcast was with Robert Audi speaking on the ethics of affirmative action, rather than the law. <> 2020-02-24T08:45:46-08:00 endobj 6. In the controversy about the justice of affirmative action programs, as in the controversy about … Within a year, however, ‘affirmative action’ was used to refer to policies aimed at compensating African-Americans for unjust racial discrimination, and at improving their opportunities to gain employment. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2009) Flashcards. <> <>/Metadata 2 0 R/Outlines 5 0 R/Pages 3 0 R/StructTreeRoot 6 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> Presses Drive on Quotas, N.Y. Times, Apr. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univer- sity Press. Download citation. endobj affirmative action philosophy homework help; The Bijou Theater in Bellevue shows vintage movies For this problem, the system can be considered th February 12, 2021. Affirmative action, in the United States, an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and for women. <> 6 0 obj sures such as affirmative action are warranted if they serve in the long run to rectify the distinctly non-ideal situation in which those injustices have left us. 33 0 obj The affirmative action debate : report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy Imprint College Park, Md. Instant access to the full article PDF. STUDY. It was a way to even the playing field so that minorities had a […] dI��H���ч 7�E.5���}��Ւڕ�}�
[��Μ93gȫ����^���m�W�߿���^�����������h�5�.�ؘ^Ȼ���Ƴ���8��'x&���ywzJS�c������ŇO'^�:=�~s(2�y ��źP;`��B�ݾ�\�ԑ+�߾��mɳgb�ߖz��D�zMכ_��.�n�r�gw��X�H��M��f��b�K�ۿ6������q8(�8�zTH�(���>EP[:dSI! Issue Date. Presses Drive on Quotas, N.Y. Times, Apr. We discuss these questions and explore the relationship between affirmative action and social justice. To understand the contemporary debate over affirmative action, one must have knowledge of competing concepts of equality and of the history of discrimination in America. Philosophical Perspectives on Affirmative Action A blog to discuss jurisprudence, legal theory, the philosophy of law and moral philosophy. Levin, M. Affirmative action philosophy. <>31]/P 25 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> Speakers Elizabeth Anderson, John Dewey Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy, University of Michigan Omar Khan, Director, Runnymede; Governor, University of East London. Pp. Affirmative Action in Education. Academic Questions 1, 16–22 (1988). As part of this, you publish what’s called an affirmative action statement (or “affirmative action policy statement”) Below are 5 samples of affirmative action statements. ٩L�r\�,)�,A*���uiU��j��ҳ9��m��b7����3L�f����jHͩ��y8L�A��
sd��3�C���Ftf[����]�4 �qEi��M�I\xh�9E�*����O�m�Lw.����P�=ӧQH1嵒� ���KRJ~EK�a�1f�~�\r�J, Philosophical Perspectives on Affirmative Action. Social and Political Philosophy > Equality > Affirmative Action > Affirmative Action in Education. endobj (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2009) If any of these conditions are not met, then this is not an affirmative action but discrimination. Available online At the library. The affirmative action debate : report from the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy. We discuss these questions and explore the relationship between affirmative action and social justice. Monday, December 8, 2008. uuid:fc89a360-adc0-11b2-0a00-705c82010000 39 0 obj Philosophy 160 Affirmative Action. Some of you need to have affirmative action plans, according to the Executive Order 11246 Title 41 Affirmative Action Requirements. Preserving courteous discourse is particularly important when debating sensitive topics such as affirmative action. 37 0 obj Affirmative action in 1980 is one thing—thinking of that as a year marking the transition from the era of discrimination to an era of aggressive effort to achieve diversity and inclusion. endobj emily_stratton4. Even the weak claim is problematic, Nagel re marks, for affirmative action allows the explicit use of racial cri teria that … You might also check out SHRM’s “Affirmative Action: Statement of Affirmative … Ronald Dworkin on Affirmative Action - Part I Focussing on two US Supreme Court decisions, Sweatt v. Painter and DeFunis v. Affirmative action in general, I mean, not only related to what happens in the US with racism, is fine and necessary, as long as it is only committed to provide equality of opportunities, not equality of outcomes. application/pdf 27 0 obj : June 1988. My aim, more specifically, is to compare the “messages” expressed when affirmative action is defended from different moral perspectives. 1 Nor is affirmative action unfair: it violates no individual rights and compromises no moral principle.” Posted on Nov 24, 2018 Dec 3, 2018 Categories Affirmative Action , Political Philosophy Tags Affirmative Action , Political Philosophy , Ronald Dworkin , Summary , The Shape of the River 16 0 obj volume 1, pages16–22(1988)Cite this article. <>stream
Part of Springer Nature. 4 A Defense of Affirmative Action Noah Levin 6. Justice Dept. However, a moral outlook that focuses on cross-temporal … <>stream
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Affirmative Action and its Main Aim Affirmative action is an active effort to improve employment and educational opportunities for members of a minority groups and for women. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02682787, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in John thinks that the best affirmative action argument admits that we live in an elitist society, but maintains that we need to have diversity among the elites. 6. Assistant Professor* Erasmus University of Rotterdam. 25 0 obj endobj 5 0 obj See also Capaldi 1998, 535, 536 (affirmative action is “incoherent” in practice and “illogical”). According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Affirmative action means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and culture from which they have been historically excluded. Kenneth W. Simons And why does it generate so much controversy? In a question posed at the open-mic Friday, an honors student wanted to address affirmative action, especially on the relevance of it in today’s world. The term 'affirmative action' collectively refers to the positive steps that have been taken to increase the representation of minority groups in business, employment, and college admissions by according them preferential treatment in a bid to make up for the injustices committed against them in the past (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001). The term ‘affirmative action’ originated in the USA under President Kennedy. : https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02682787. 3 0 obj Actually, race-based preferences arose after hard-fought battles waged by civil rights leaders and acted upon by U.S. presidents. Today, affirmative action is talked about so much that it seems like the practice has always been around. ... Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, KCL & Fellow, Forum for Philosophy . Affirmative action doesn’t begin to be a fully adequate instrument for achieving racial justice but, nonetheless, it generates way more racial resentment than it deserves to. endobj Search. x��X�n7}�W����� Ted Everett (SUNY Geneseo Philosophy Colloquium, April 1997) Introduction The issue of affirmative action has spawned a complex, often nasty debate over the past three decades. It was implemented to provide equality in a workplace environment and education settings. <>8]/P 20 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Kenneth W. Simons* EQUALITY AND PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT: A PHILOSOPHY & PUBLIC AFFAIRS READER. White people are typically the racial group who have been the most outspoken against affirmative action, but it's questionable whether bans against race-based preferences have benefited them. Home ; About; Tag Archives: Affirmative action Affirmative Action in our Nation’s Colleges Part 2: Promoting Diversity. Write. Related categories. endobj Philosophy Behind Politics An in depth look at the philosophy behind current public policy. Created by. How have affirmative action bans in California, Texas, and Florida affected student enrollment in public universities in those states? We fha nk him for his permission 10 reprint his testimony here. The reasoning behind affirmative action was to promote diversity and to end job discrimination. The fellowship dedicated to Agitu comes in to reinforce this philosophy of taking responsibility within the performance world, by intertwining Live works and its ethical asset, by focusing on the Italian scene and on the possibility to make use of certain institutional dynamics for anti-racist affirmative actions. Match. Terms in this set (13) Characterize affirmative action, how it is a moral issue, and how people are affected by it. This chapter (1) offers a definition of affirmative action; (2) presents a typology of affirmative action policies; (3) and distinguishes between different kinds of justifications for affirmative action. Exclusively forward-looking (for example, utilitarian) arguments, I suggest, tend to express the wrong message, but this is also true of exclusively backward-looking (for example, reparation-based) arguments. The Ethics of Affirmative Action. – Affirmative action should be temporary and disappear once the desired objectives are achieved; – The measures should not unduly limit the rights of others. endstream Le terme affirmative action vient des États-Unis. %PDF-1.7
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– Affirmative action lowers admission standards for certain minorities to counterbalance academic disadvantages faced by those groups. Prop 209, passed through the initiative process, allows the State school system to use affirmative action as a tool in their admissions process for both undergraduate and graduate programs. - 136.243.225.168. PubMed Google Scholar, Levin, M. Affirmative action philosophy. The Center for Applied Ethics cosponsored a symposium entitled "The Ethics of Affirmative Action" on April 21, 1992, featuring Richard Wasserstrom, Ph.D., and Shelby Steele, Ph.D. Steele, a scholar known nationally for his articulate opposition to affirmative action, argued against the legitimacy of preferential treatment programs. John asks if affirmative action is in conflict with our individualistic ideals and values. © 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. endobj <>14]/P 21 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> 1 0 obj This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Affirmative Action Affirmative Action was created by President John F. Kennedy through an executive order in 1961 and continued through Lyndon B. Johnson presidency and so on. Who is it for? Il a été créé en faveur des descendants d’esclaves, mais également pour tous les citoyens victimes d’une quelconque discrimination, en plein Civil Rights Movement. He is also the author of Civil Wrongs: What Went Wrong With Affirmative Action (San Francisco: ICS Press, 1994). 7. 104 S. Ct. 2576 (1984). ( Scholar ) Astin, Alexander W. and Dongbin Kim, 2004, “Cross-Racial Interaction Among Undergraduates: Some Consequences, Causes, and Patterns,” Research in Higher Education , 45 (August): 529–554. Professor of Philosophy, DOI. Originally it was designed to ensure that employees and applicants for jobs with government contractors did not suffer discrimination. Affirmative action assures that members of all ethnic groups are present. 3, 1985, at A16, col. 1. I will certainly not resolve it. Siblings: Arguments for Affirmative Action (8) Arguments against Affirmative Action (9) Affirmative Action, Misc (11) Jobs in this area University of Louisville. <> Title: Affirmative action vs Equality of opportunity. It refers to public policies and private efforts designed ostensibly to help individuals overcome the effects of past discrimination. ‘Affirmative action’ is one response in tackling this enduring issue. endobj The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy says “Affirmative action” means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and culture from which they have been historically excluded.” Affirmative action refers to a set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to increase the representation of particular groups based on their gender, race, sexuality, creed or nationality in areas in which they are underrepresented such as education and employment. The fellowship dedicated to Agitu comes in to reinforce this philosophy of taking responsibility within the performance world, by intertwining Live works and its ethical asset, by focusing on the Italian scene and on the possibility to make use of certain institutional dynamics for anti-racist affirmative actions. An important implication of this shift was that affirmative action came to mean preferential treatment. Cloth, $8.50; paper, $3.95. The weaker justification for affirmative action is that it is a permissible, not obligatory, means of accomplishing an impor tant social end. PLAY. The Center for Applied Ethics cosponsored a symposium entitled "The Ethics of Affirmative Action" on April 21, 1992, featuring Richard Wasserstrom, Ph.D., and Shelby Steele, Ph.D. Steele, a scholar known nationally for his articulate opposition to affirmative action, argued against the legitimacy of preferential treatment programs. I will try to clarify this issue. Ordinary Philosophy and its Traveling Philosophy / History of Ideas series is a labor of love and ad-free, supported by patrons and readers like you. uuid:fc89a361-adc0-11b2-0a00-007c379bff7f Certain groups are overrepresented in both faculty and student positions in academic institutions as a whole. endobj Rosenfeld begins by discussing the treatment of affirmative action under each of the four major philosophical conceptions of equality consistent with the tenets of liberal political philosophy: libertarian, contractarian, utilitarian, and egalitarian. 15 0 obj City College of New York, New York, USA, You can also search for this author in endobj Please offer your support today! These principles have broader implications for a normative theory of social change in democratic societies. Affirmative action is a term drawn from the American experience with racial discrimination. Arguments for the controversial forms of affirmative action fall into one of two broad categories - arguments that affirmative action is necessary to rectify injustice, and arguments that affirmative action is necessary in order to produce some good consequence, usually by increasing diversity. endobj The other has been the path of public debate, where the practice of preferential treatment has spawned a vast literature, pro and con. Affirmative action refers to the practice of requiring businesses that contract with the federal gov to promote equal opportunities. Affirmative action was introduced not by Nixon but by President Kennedy in 1961 in Executive Order 10925, which responded to racial discrimination … 32 0 obj But affirmative action as a permanent, institutionalized practice of racially differentiated standards of selection is problematic. 30 0 obj 52 0 obj xiv, 209. Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com) Affirmative action practiced in that manner shares common ideological premises and goals, but often different rhetoric, with efforts to promote racial and ethnic diversity. Affirmative action refers to the practice of requiring businesses that contract with the federal gov to promote equal opportunities. These are all three useful points. endobj Regrettably, the Cape Times’ practice is to use first and last name when a person is first mentioned, but thereafter to use surname only. Imprint College Park, Md. Wasserstrom, a scholar of applied ethics and the philosophy of law, is Professor Emeritus of Philosop The Arthur Levitt Public Affairs Center presented a lecture by Richard Wasserstrom on the morality of race-based affirmative action programs on April 23. Test. The latest allegation that Harvard discriminates against Asians could kill affirmative action altogether.Subscribe to our channel! 3, 1985, at A16, col. 1. affirmative action plans so as to end the use of numerical goals and quotas designed to increase employment of women, blacks or Hispanic Americans." Academic Questions Appligent AppendPDF Pro 6.3 Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Affirmative action seeks to overturn historical trends of discrimination against an individual’s identity by providing assistance to groups identified as subject to past or present discrimination. <> In the U.S. affirmative action's original purpose was to pressure institutions into compliance with the nondiscrimination mandate of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Affirmative action, also know as equal opportunity, is a federal agenda designed to counteract historic discrimination faced by ethnic minorities, women, and other underrepresented groups. <>26]/P 23 0 R/Pg 41 0 R/S/Link>> Affirmative Action as a Philosophy. Lowering standards for under-represented groups raises the quality of the student body. Ken shows doubts about affirmative action: if the law doesn’t discriminate against anyone on the basis of race, why should universities? Affirmative action philosophy. endobj This idea that using racial preferences involves a kind of practical contradiction was given voice and support at the highest levels of government in the 1980s. Booth, Margaret Zoller and Jean M. Gerard. Reply. Philosophy Teaching as Intellectual Affirmative Action HARRY BROD University of Southern California There is general agreement that the goal of courses such as those in critical thinking or applied ethics is to inculcate in the students an ability to cogently criticize and … Anderson thinks that meritocracies make decisions based on group generalizations, such as test scores. En effet, le premier à utiliser cette expression a été le président américain John Fitzgerald Kennedy, reprise ensuite par Lyndon B. Johnson. As typically practiced in the United States and elsewhere, affirmative action usually involves preferential treatment for members of specified groups. Gravity. He is a Salvatori Fellow at The Heritage Foundation and an Adjunct Research Scholar at the Institute for Policy Innovation. [40 0 R 43 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R] In a post I did on religion a while back, I talked about the various reasons I tend to distrust using Philosophy as a tool to solve disagreements about public policy. Often enough, the two paths have failed to make adequate contact, with the public quarrels not always … One has been legal and administrative as courts, legislatures, and executive departments of government have made and applied rules requiring affirmative action. Does affirmative action do too little to rectify racial injustice, or do too much and create racial resentment? Learn. Posted by omyunlin on March 6, 2020 April 4, 2020. Within a year, however, ‘affirmative action’ was used to refer to policies aimed at compensating African-Americans for unjust racial discrimination, and at improving their … IJBHE Thomas Nagel is Fiorello La Guardia Professor of Law, professor of philosophy, and University Professor at New York University. 1977. Posted on Nov 24, 2018 Dec 3, 2018 Author jackofalltrades Categories Affirmative Action, Political Philosophy Tags Affirmative Action, Political Philosophy, Ronald Dworkin, Summary, The Shape of the River Post navigation. The affirmative action is used to ensure the respect of diversity within the public. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02682787. See Article History.
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