[105] Champollion intended to make copies of the entire collection, and tirelessly they helped him unpack and arrange the smaller items, as well as copying, making impressions and casting them in wax or plaster. : +33 3 83 96 21 76 - Fax : +33 3 83 97 24 56 The only royal title that is written in red ink is for Djoser, doubtless due to his good reputation in later times. The list of kings contains a total of 31 rows with ditto-marks. The addition of Wilkinson’s edition seems to have added incentive for further study of the king list. Fifty-two kings of the Thirteenth Dynasty. 4. The records that survived were not always complete, nor fully preserved, making it all but impossible to get a clear picture, which is understandable as the timespan is not mere decades but centuries. These fragments, still unpublished, give us four names of kings in sets of two).These ‘lost’ fragments were marked K, Q, R, Dd, Ii, Mm, Rr and Ss by Champollion. The papyrus was likely intact when rediscovered in the late 1810s near Thebes in Egypt; however, the provenance is unknown. Seyffarth did not publish his restoration, but his unpublished tracings of the papyrus is in the archives of the Brooklyn Museum. In addition to the enormous task of working through the entire collection, he also carried out the painstaking examination of the papyri in the Museum, which Count Cholex had entrusted to him, giving him unlimited authority, apparently over the head of San-Quintino, who was appointed curator of all the Egyptian antiquities in Turin at the time and who had already taken most of the Drovetti Collection papyri over to the university building. The reassembly caused some minor damage along the edges and many minute signs or traces of signs were lost on some fragments, making the facsimiles of Lepsius and Wilkinson all that more important, as they preserve signs that are now lost. Remarkably, of all the fragments, only fragment Uu show the recto, and it is in fact the same fragment as the already traced Nn, which does show the verso. Ironically, his facsimiles does not include the signs that were written in red ink on the papyrus. Column … The seven year lacuna probably belong to the last king of the dynasty, Mentuhotep IV. The mythological section preceding the mortal kings is disregarded for obvious reasons. The rejection was exasperated by Champollion’s untimely death, which reinforced the derision of the arrangement without any objective analysis or investigation. The Turin king list preserve a total of 138 kings[76] after the Twelfth Dynasty, but we are left in the dark as to where it ended. The total for the individual reign-lengths is calculated in Table 10 below. There are a total of 301 rows accounted for in the king list. To protect the papyrus, it was placed between two glass panes in three separate frames. ?" Illustrated catalogue of the Egyptian Museum of Turin. [36] It was not a very long or detailed study, but a good start nonetheless. The king lists of ancient Egypt. There are a number of fragments that cannot be placed with certainty. Peter Lundström 2020edited Museum Egizio photo, Column 9 However, the dynastic divisions were likely invented during the Ptolemaic Dynasty a millennia later, as Manetho divided the periods covered in the papyrus into nineteen dynasties. [42] They are still very relevant, due to the much deteriorated state of the papyrus today. Prehistoric kings might have been included among the "spirits" preceding the historical kings, but since no names are preserved, it will remain unknown. Only a small section of the text remain, the rest is lost. The lack of contemporary records make any specific theory as to the cause highly speculative, but the number of competing dynasties support a weakening of the central government. For example, it begins the Eleventh Dynasty with the founders of the Theban line rather than with the later reign of Monthotep II. However, better-defined dynasties had likely appeared in the tradition by the time of Manetho, a millennium later. Concerning ancient sources, Egyptologists and Historians alike call for caution about the credibility, exactitude and completeness of these sources, many of which were written long after the reigns they report.An additional problem is that ancient king lists are often damaged, inconsistent with one another and selective. There is no evidence suggesting that any kings were deliberately omitted from the king list. Drovetti and his agents amassed a huge collection of Egyptian artefacts, and textual papyri did not receive special care[8] but were unceremoniously dumped together in a big box by the hundreds. This process of reusing papyri was probably done regularly and entailed little more than trimming and rerolling the papyrus. Most figures found in the king list, follow after the name of a specific king, detailing the length of his reign. © 2012 - CNRTL 44, avenue de la Libération BP 30687 54063 Nancy Cedex - France Tél. This papyrus, called a royal chronology, written on both sides, contain on the recto a series of royal cartouches, starting from the divine dynasties until the Nineteenth Dynasty; and on the verso, in the midst of accounting records, you find the cartouche of Ramesses II, which dates the papyrus. He acted in kingship x years, y months and z days. (8000x2331 pixels), Turin king list verso Turin Royal Canon 3. Towards the end of 1823, Jean-François Champollion completed his Summary of the hieroglyphic system of the ancient Egyptians,[13] laying the foundation for the decipherment of the Egyptian hieroglyphs. [83] With the papyrus roll ready for use, it was turned over horizontally, and rolled back with the tax-register on the outside and the blank side ready for use on the inside. Giulio Farina, the director of the Turin Museum from 1928, together with papyrus conservation specialist Hugo Ibscher, began restoration of the papyrus in July 1930. Total preserved reigns: 206 years, 2 months, 21 days The position and size of Patch number 4 is approximated, since it is lost. His father was … Baines and Malek have placed the third dynasty as spanning the years 2650–2575 BC, while Dodson and Hilton date the dynasty to 2584–2520 BC. [81], When the tax-register had served its purpose, instead of discarding it, the blank verso was reused for the kinglist. Turin Kings List. Sobkhotep I (7.19) and Wegaf (7.5) would have been recorded more or less across from each other in adjacent columns in Vorlage E. Their names share the elements ḥw, tꜢwy and rꜤ, suggesting that the similar names may have been interchanged by the scribe. Scholars believe that the original papyrus was a list that included over … 1874. - Upper floor, room I. n. 126. However, the ages should be viewed with due scepticism, as they seem uncommonly high for the times. Mortuary Temple – where the gods and the king who built the temple were worshipped. Dual King Name. [15], He spent nine more days fervently searching for the remnants of this priceless papyrus amidst thousands of scraps, until he finally had gathered 40 pieces, which he was able to bring to 46, and a little later to 50 with much effort and patience. Only Cairo and Turin has large museums entirely dedicated to the Egyptian era. The upper two rows contain names of the kings, while the third row merely repeats Seti I's throne name and nomen. A second letter of complaint was sent to the minister on August 24, as it was now a question of opening, organizing and identifying 175 papyri, of which only 20 had been unrolled. Questa è una descrizione dettagliata della lista dei re, delle informazioni che fornisce e delle sue fonti. While concentrating on the Second Intermediate Period kings (columns 7-11), careful examination of fibre correspondence between the fragments show that there still is work to be done to find the correct positions of the fragments. Palermo stone 2. This inconsistency is also present in Manetho, where most recorded names use the Greek form of the prenomen, but a few use the nomen instead. Phew! The following ancien… The majority of the lists were created during the New Kingdom, and all but the Turin Canon were inscribed on stone, with hieroglyphs, while the papyrus was written in ink in hieratic. In 1997, prominent Egyptologist Kim Ryholt published a new and better interpretation of the list in his book, "The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c. 1800–1550 B.C." The king list of the Turin Kinglist was originally divided over an unknown number of columns or sheets, of which only 11 remain. Adamant Media Corporation, Málek, Jaromír. The number of years must be 136 as we know the total (143), and the lacuna (7). Room A. 281), were added as matching fibres were established. The following is a hieroglyphic transcription and translation into English of the Turin Kinglist from column II, line 11 to column III, line 26 or 27. The formula appearing at regular intervals every 13 to 16 rows is a clear indication that the original papyrus was a half-sized roll. It was, after all, only a papyrus without elaborate drawings of gods and kings. This leaves only the K, Q, R, Mm, Rr, and Ss fragments still unidentified. Gardiner examined the papyrus several times, and a number of fragments were marked as unplaced as their positions could be established with certainty. This makes the facsimiles that more important as they preserve signs that are lost today. If it was an adjusted manuscript, the top rows would contain the full text, and certainly not ditto marks. Depuydt, "Ebers Calendar", 61ff. That the back of an older papyrus was used may indicate that the list was not of great formal importance to the writer, although the primary function of the list is thought to have been as an administrative aid. Based on the palaeographical similarities with other papyri from the same period. For the biggest collection in Turin we can thank diplomat and collector Bernardino Drovetti (1776-1852) which was appointed by Napoleon as the French Vice Consul in Egypt … The name of each king is followed by the text “he acted in kingship” which was only written out at the top of a column, and ditto marks were used below that for the repeating text. The name Hudjefa, found twice in the papyrus, is now known to have been used by the royal scribes of the Ramesside era during the 19th Dynasty, when the scribes compiled king lists such as the Saqqara King List and the royal canon of Turin and the name of a deceased pharaoh was unreadable, damaged, or completely erased. There is no evidence of any intentional exclusion or supression of kings, as contemporary and ephemeral kings are included, even the foreign kings of the Second Intermediate Period. A hieratic papyrus at the Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy, is without a doubt the most important king list of Ancient Egypt. This forced the starting point of the particular line to move to the left compared to the rest of the column. For example, (4.7) refers to column 4, row 7, which was written as IV 7 in older works. The papyrus was originally a tax roll, but on its back is written a list of rulers of Egypt – including mythical kings such as gods, demi-gods, and spirits, as well as human kings. [20] It is to Seyffarth’s merit that he did not try to restore the papyrus according to his own beliefs about the hieroglyphic system, instead he took a scientific route by matching the fragments according to fibres, colour, thickness, and writing. It should come as no surprise that Champollion only found parts of 21 fragments during his cursory inspection, while Seyffarth diligently devoted several weeks examining every scrap managed to find a total of 164. The king-list comes to an end in the section that records the kings of the Late Second Intermediate Period (SIP), the last fully preserved name is Sekhemra Shedwaset, “the Might of Ra which rescues Thebes,” an otherwise unattested Theban king, ruling late in the SIP. His decipherment effort was being hampered by inaccurate and unreliable transcriptions of the available hieroglyphic texts, which were filled with errors and omissions. Despite attempts at reconstruction, approximately 50% of the papyrus remains missing. [41], It should be noted that the facsimiles of Lepsius and Wilkinson are not always accurate, but since they are not photographs, naturally a few minor errors are to be expected. The papyrus is believed to be the most extensive list of kings compiled by the Egyptians, and is the basis for most chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. (73 years, 47 months, 241 days). The papyrus lists the names of rulers, the lengths of reigns in years, with months and days for some kings. The publication as well as the restoration of the manuscript is upcoming. Vorlage – German for prototype or template, a vorlage is a prior version of a manuscript, in this case an earlier version of the king list. It is broken into over 160 often very small fragments, many of which have been lost. As with most papyri, the provenance of this papyrus roll is uncertain, but indirect evidence point to the Theban necropolis as the likely place of discovery. When Drovetti opened it the extraordinary document had been reduced to mere scraps ... but so much had disappeared in dust on that ride on donkey-back that only the barest outline of the original document remains today. Despite the lack of ditto-marks, this is a clear indication that the formula was implied, but not written. The Turin Royal Canon, as it is now known, lists over 300 Egyptian rulers. Málek, Jaromír. Chronological papyrus(Frame hanging on the right side of the room.) 1904 version of … It is often referred to as the Turin king list, or the Royal Canon of Turin, which originate with Champollion’s 1824 description as “un véritable tableau chronologique, un canon royal”, a true chronological timeline, a royal canon. Gardiner marked these fragments with question marks, which is imprecise, so they are designated according to the positions he established. Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca 1826-1830. Hieratic opisthographic papyrus, composed of tiny fragments glued on blotting paper, 2.31 m wide, 0.46 tall. Ever since Seyffarth’s restoration there are many fragments whose position remain uncertain or questionable. The Saxon researcher Gustav Seyffarth (1796–1885) re-examined the fragments, some only one square centimeter in size, and made a more complete reconstruction of the papyrus based only on the papyrus fibers, as he could not yet determine the meaning of the hieratic characters. Its original use was as a tax-register dating to the reign of Ramesses II (1279–1213 BCE), evident from the text, "Inspector of the wells of rꜤ-msw-mry-imn," i.e. It is well known that writing the same text over and over is tedious and often unnecessary. fr. Only a small section of the text remain, the rest is lost. Egyptologist Donald Redford has also studied the papyrus and has noted that although many of the list's names correspond to monuments and other documents, there are some discrepancies and not all of the names correspond, questioning the absolute reliability of the document for pre-Ramesses II chronology. What is known is that Amenemhat I was not related to his predecessors. The historical king list can be divided into six sections, each starting with a heading, naming the founder and from where the kings ruled. Numbers are also found in summations, but not in headings. It would also be natural to remove the thicker part since it would likely had suffered from wear by constant handling, and as it would become the innermost sheet for the king list, it would naturally resist being rolled up. From 4.5 to 8.3 there are 8 kingship formulas appearing every 14-15 rows. In this state it was discovered in one of the tombs in Thebes and … Using ditto marks, the row looks like this: Though the kingship formula was left blank and not indicated by ditto marks, the structure of the rows certainly suggest its presence. Seyffarth pasted the fragments onto papier végétal in 1826, but this was removed and remounted/reconstructed in 1930 by Hugo Ibscher and Farina also handled the fragments in the subsequent years. Facsimiles were pub 1824, shortly after its discovery, and his results lished by Lepsius in 1842 and Wilkinson in 1851, were published that same year.12 Several facsimi- but these cannot be … Written in red ink, only the initial signs of “the kings of...” remain, the rest is lost. Total preserved reigns: None. It is also completely free. Vorlage E, the half-size papyrus with the exact same writing, was first attempted by Malek in 1982. The famous Champollion rejecting Seyffarth’s arrangement of the papyrus, caused it to be viewed with circumspect, if not contempt. The upper half of the papyrus suffered damage while rolled up, as is evident by a series of holes at an interval of 16 cm, about 4 cm from the top edge. In retrospect, the claim that San-Quintino hid fragments from the Frenchman is certainly possible but not corroborated by fact, and could simply be an attempt to mitigate Seyffarth’s clearly superior arrangement of the papyrus. The Turin Papyrus, also known as the Turin King List, or, the Turin Royal Canon, is a hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Ramesses II (c. 1200 BC), now in the Egyptian Museum in Turin.It is the most extensive list of kings known and is the basis for most of the Egyptian chronology before Ramesses II. Wilkinson’s edition added to the credibility of Seyffarth’s arrangement, and finally broke the camels back. Peter Lundström 2020Photo with only the photographed fragments. The only exceptions are two kings of the Thirteenth Dynasty that include the names of their fathers.[101]. [104] Recto and verso – Recto is the front side and verso is the back side of a written or printed text. It was obvious from the start that the fragments of the papyrus were only small parts of a whole text, and to be understood, in need of being reassembled to find a context. From the emended fifteen kings in the summation of the dynasty (11.15) it is clear that one missing king must have been present in 10.30, adding to the 14 kings present (11.1-14). [102] The older interpretations ḥꜢt-sp and rnpt-sp are no longer regarded as correct, but the matter is not entirely settled. Turin king list verso It is arguably possible that we would have been ignorant of its importance, perhaps even its existence, if lesser able hands had examined the scraps before the Frenchman, and then discarded the fragments as garbage. So much that he accused San Quintino, who was cataloguing Drovetti’s collection at the Museum, of having hidden fragments from him, only to later surrender them to Seyffarth. The historical kings begin with Meni of the First Dynasty, and continue to the end of the Second Intermediate Period, where the papyrus is in tatters, and only a few small fragments survive. The names in (5.3) and (5.4) are lost, but the years are recorded as 20 and 44 respectively, suggesting that the rows were interchanged. The further division into five dynasties happened later, probably during the Ptolemaic Period. See Dawson and Uphill, Who was who, 90. The recording of the names of the kings is inconsistent throughout the papyrus, likely due to gathering information from multiple sources (see 0). The list also is believed to contain kings from the 15th Dynasty, the Hyksos who ruled Lower Egypt and the River Nile delta. Champollion-Figeac, "Table des Rois", 402f. Peter Lundström 2020edited Museum Egizio photo, Column 8 This means that the number of rows in Vorlage E should be roughly the half of that of the king list which is a full-size papyrus. 41, August 7, 1820, The final price was 400,000 lire, 100,000 paid in cash and the remainder in yearly installments of 15,000 lire. The following figure sums up the transmission: The nature of a full-size papyrus means that the lines are naturally longer than in a half-size, as there are more vertical surface to write the columns on. The list is divided into eleven detailed … This claim was circulated in Champollion’s circle of friends, and his brother later reiterated the claim. ][94] The lacuna notation suggest the wsf in 5.7 was in fact the source. When we rearrange the king list into 21 columns according to Vorlage E, the symmetrical pattern graciously become obvious: Apart from the piece cut off in antiquity, the papyrus was presumably intact upon its discovery and only subsequently fell to pieces owing to the rough handling. It is unknown if he personally, or one of his agents bought it. For example, an O29-sign was incorrectly copied as a V30-sign in (9.27), resulting in the name Nebnati, which is a mistake for Anati. Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.. searching for Turin King List 4 found (97 total) alternate case: turin King List Kim Ryholt (1,383 words) no match in snippet view article find links to article aforementioned 1997 book and in a ZAS paper titled "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris", and has published a detailed discussion Creation and Use. However, the most important of these, one whose mutilation I will ceaselessly deplore, is a historical treasure, a chronological table, a true royal canon in hieratic writing, containing four times as many dynasties as an intact Abydos Table. The quality of the sources used to compile the reigns are unknown, and as a result, the reliability of the numbers is impossible to quantify. While Lepsius included no commentary, Wilkinson wrote a detailed description, and included in a new, and more detailed examination of the papyrus by Hincks. Summation of the First through Fifth Dynasties; 39 kings. These fragments were left unnumbered, instead indicated as "Fr. 59 but it was moved to the left of fr. Champollion might have discovered the fragments, but Seyffarth did the actual work of puzzling all the pieces together into a somewhat cohesive papyrus. A hieratic ditto mark simply consist of either a horizontal line or a dot, and were used in the king list to replace texts. The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) in Turin.The papyrus is the most extensive list available of kings compiled by the Egyptians, and is the basis for most chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. The designations above is only to help distinguish the natural divisions of the the kings into sections that can then in turn be further detailed below. Total: 6 foreign kings reigned for 100 + x years. Number arrived at by adding the thirteen rows in Section B. [28] Seyffarth’s enmity towards the Frenchman clearly did not end with Champollion’s passing. Including a possible lacuna notation of ten kings (5.7), would bring the total to twenty-three. by Pietro Camillo Orcurti. As the European market in Egyptian artefacts was rapidly growing, it was to be sold to the highest bidder. Two days later he received the necessary documents from the Minister of the Interior, Count de Cholex, to begin his research, and, guided by his friend Count Balbo, President of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Turin, he entered the vast halls of the palace holding the newly acquired Drovetti Collection. [75] When this tax-record became obsolete, the blank back side was used to add the king list, likely while the papyrus was still somewhat fresh, but a few years to a decade cannot be excluded. Lest they disagree with the late master, the subject of the papyrus was neglected, even avoided, despite its obvious value to scholars. All kings listed in the Turin King-list are also attested by contemporary sources and monuments. Known as the Turin King List, the ancient document is the ultimate piece that could help clarify the thin line dividing mortal rulers and gods in ancient times. The solution was to assign new names to these ancient kings. The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table, is a list of the names of seventy-six kings of ancient Egypt, found on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt.It consists of three rows of thirty-eight cartouches (borders enclosing the name of a king) in each row. Columns I to V comprised 25 or 26 lines of text, column VI at least 27 and columns IX and X at least 30. Gardiner’s examination discarded 25 fragments as belonging to other papyri, while 15 fragments were classified as useless or doubtful, and another twelve as completely blank; they were not commented on further, and supposedly belong to the papyrus. i.e. The following year, in London, Lepsius saw Samuel Birch’s copy of Édouard Dulaurier’s copy of Seyffarth. State of publication The main factor that has prevented a more thorough reconstruction of the document is the The king-list was first studied by Champollion in lack of good reproductions. 2000. Over the next few years, Farina sorted through the unpublished fragments held at the museum, tweaking the positions of the fragments, until he was satisfied with the final arrangement in October of 1934. As luck would have it, it was very fortunate for Egyptology that it was Champollion that discovered the king list. It is impossible to determine if the notation after nb-sn-rꜤ (9.14) included one or more kings. Columns I to V comprised 25 or 26 lines of text, column VI at least 27 and columns IX and X at least 30. Among the unpublished fragments are parts of royal names of both historical rulers and gods, figures relating to reigns of kings, and parts of headings and summations.[117]. Sanakht), as the first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty, many contemporary Egyptologists believe Djoser was the first king of this dynasty, pointing out the order in which some predecessors of Khufu are mentioned in the Papyrus Westcar suggests that Nebka should be placed between Djoser and Huni, and not before Djoser. Many of the royal names and their chronological positions originate with this unique and invaluable papyrus. [49] Ibscher detached the fragments from the blotting paper on which Seyffarth had glued them, and began the arduous task of re-examining and reassembly of the papyrus. Furthermore, the two Intermediate Periods are modern definitions of the breakdown of the Old and the Middle Kingdoms. These are the actual names written on the papyrus, omitting the years, summations and headings: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turin_King_List&oldid=997879653, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, <-//-D28-Z1-G7->-G7-V30:N35-N35:G1-U33-M17-D54, <-//-D28-Z1-G7->-G7-D58-D58-N35:Z2-G17-D54, #b-<-N5-V30-M17-D21:Z4-X1:.-F40-Z7-Y1:Z2->#e, Column 2 — Gods of Ancient Egypt, spirits and mythical kings, Column 5 — Rows 1-26 (Dynasties 6-8/9/10). It should be noted that Champollion made no effort to reconstruct the papyrus, he just simply copied the fragments he discovered. The names and positions of several kings are still being disputed, since the list is so badly damaged. This formula followed immediately after a kings name, followed by the length of reign, near the end of each row, like a spreadsheet. [14] However, he insisted on seeing them all, down to the last shred, so it was agreed that they were to be lain out on a table for him to peruse the next morning. Manetho's Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt) 4. The first catalogue of the Turin Museum was produced in 1855 by Pietro Camillo Orcurti, who described the content of each column briefly. The document, originally complete, fell into about 300 pieces. The inscribed king lists of Abydos, Saqqara, and Karnak deliberately excluded several rulers and should be classified as canons. Though there are no imaginary kings, Mentuhotep I (6.12) did not adopt royal titles during his lifetime, these were awarded posthumously by his successors. Despite many examinations by Egyptologists, they remain unplaced, as there is obviously no clear fibre or text correspondence with the fragments of the papyrus. This was likely done automatically as he wrote the nsw-bit title, and failed to notice his error.[107]. 127 and 163, as well as the fact that the edge is slightly diagonal rather than parallel with the vertical fibres, suggests that the papyrus was cut rather than torn or accidentally fragmented. 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27, 28, 107, 120, 121, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 58, 65, 68, 92, 128, 129, 149, Nebmaatra, Djehuty, Sobekhotep VIII, Senusret IV, Mentuhotep VII, Rahotep, Sobekemsaf I, Sobekemsaf II, Intef VI, Intef VII, Intef VIII, Senakhtenra, Seqenenra, Kamose, Ahmose, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV, Neferneferuaten, Smenkhkara, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, It is unknown when the source document containing the ‘first’ list of kings was created, but likely sometime during the New Kingdom. Some kings of the proposed Abydos Dynasty might also have been present, depending on the number of NK kings, and how elaborate the headings and summations were. A continuous lineage of 18 kings of the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties, unfortunately most are lost. To protect the papyrus, the fragments were placed between two glass panes in three separate frames. His careful consideration of the fibres, coloring, and the writing on the both sides would prove to be crucial, as his arrangement of the fragments resulted in the king list as we know it today. The stories put forth by Maspero and Winlock as to the discovery are likely fabrications created to add some colour to the likely unremarkable discovery. [44], Franz Joseph Lauth’s examination[45] of Manethonian tradition included the king list in his handwritten book in 1865. 71 This fragment has no fibre correspondence with the surrounding fragments and Ryholt suggests it may be disregarded, while still placing it in col. 7 on his fig.